In Burkina Faso, a landlocked country of West Africa, surface water reservoirs, locally called “dams”, remain crucial for livestock, agriculture, and other economic activities like brickmaking or gold panning. But their sustainability is threatened both by the effects of climate change (the country is facing a temperature increase of 2°C since 1950) and human bad practices contributing to silting of reservoirs and the resulting reduction of their storage capacity of water. The most important risk is the complete drying up of these vital water resources.