Two decades of rapid economic growth have transformed Vietnam from one of the poorest nations in the world to a middle-income country. While poverty rates have dropped dramatically, new challenges are arising. Changing production and consumption patterns put pressure on the country’s natural resources, while climate change poses risks of extreme weather events and sea level rise. To cope with these challenges, the Vietnam Government developed a National Green Growth Strategy (2012) and National Action Plan on Green Growth (2014), which aim to safeguard the country’s economic prosperity while protecting the natural environment.